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Головной мозг и нервная система,Сердечно-сосудистая система
Химиотерапевтический побочный эффект – усталость
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Because these medicines travel through the blood to the entire body, chemotherapy is described as a body-wide treatment. The most common chemotherapy agents act by killing cells that divide rapidly, one of the main properties of most cancer cells.
Because these medicines travel through the blood to the entire body, chemotherapy is described as a body-wide treatment. The most common chemotherapy agents act by killing cells that divide rapidly, one of the main properties of most cancer cells.
As a result, chemotherapy may damage or kill some normal cells.
When this damage occurs, there can be fatigue.
Fatigue is a subjective feeling of tiredness that has a gradual onset. Fatigue can have physical or mental causes. Physical fatigue is the transient inability of a muscle to maintain optimal physical performance, and is made more severe by intense physical exercise. Mental fatigue is a transient decrease in maximal cognitive performance resulting from prolonged periods of cognitive activity. It can manifest as somnolence, lethargy, or directed attention fatigue.
Cancer-related fatigue is a subjective symptom of fatigue that is experienced by nearly all cancer patients. Fatigue is an expected side effect of most forms of chemotherapy. On average, cancer-related fatigue is “more severe, more distressing, and less likely to be relieved by rest” than fatigue experienced by healthy people. It can range from mild to severe, and may be either temporary or a long-term effect.
Cancer-related fatigue causes disruption in all aspects of life, has a negative impact on work, social relationships, mood, and daily activities and causes significant impairment in overall quality of life during and after treatment, and may be a risk factor for reduced survival.
Inflammation has emerged as a key biological pathway for cancer-related fatigue. Others biological mechanisms include anemia, cytokine dysregulation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, five hydroxy tryptophan (5-HT) neurotransmitter dysregulation, and alterations in adenosine triphosphate and muscle metabolism, among others.
Side effects of chemotherapy depend on many things, including the type of cancer and which drugs are being used. Each person reacts differently to these drugs. Some newer chemotherapy drugs that better target cancer cells may cause fewer or different side effects.
Many side effects go away fairly quickly after treatment ends, but some may take months or even years to completely go away. Sometimes the side effects can last a lifetime, such as when chemo causes long-term damage to the heart, lungs, kidneys, or reproductive organs. Certain types of chemo sometimes cause delayed effects, such as a second cancer that may show up many years later.
The time it takes to get over some side effects and get your energy back varies from person to person.
Your health care provider will explain what you can do at home to prevent or treat some chemotherapy side effects. These measures include:
Being careful with pets and other animals to avoid catching infections from them
Eating enough calories and protein to keep your weight up
Preventing bleeding, and what to do if bleeding occurs
Practicing safe eating and drinking habits
Washing your hands often with soap and water
You will need to have follow-up visits with your provider during and after chemotherapy. Blood tests and imaging tests, such as x-rays, MRI, CT, or PET scans will be done to:
Monitor how well the chemotherapy is working
Watch for damage to the heart, lungs, kidneys, blood, and other parts of the body.